Kazakhstan, the world’s ninth largest country, is often overshadowed by its more popular neighbors such as Russia, China, and Mongolia. However, this Central Asian nation boasts a rich history, diverse culture, and stunning landscapes that are waiting to be discovered by travelers. With its vast plains, snow-capped mountains, and bustling cities, there is no shortage of things to see and do in Kazakhstan.
If you’re planning a trip to this hidden gem, here are the top 10 things you shouldn’t miss out on:
1. Discover Astana, the Modern Capital of Kazakhstan
Astana, the capital city of Kazakhstan, was renamed Nur-Sultan in 2019 to honor the country’s first president Nursultan Nazarbayev. This rapidly developing city has been the capital since 1997 and has undergone a massive transformation over the years. With its futuristic skyscrapers, grand architecture, and wide boulevards, Astana is a sight to behold.
The City of Infinite Opportunities
Astana has become a symbol of Kazakhstan’s economic growth and is often referred to as the “City of Infinite Opportunities.” It is home to some of the world’s most iconic buildings, such as the Bayterek Tower, the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, and the Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center. Make sure to visit these iconic landmarks to witness their unique designs and take in breathtaking views of the city.
Cultural and Historical Attractions
To get a better understanding of Kazakhstan’s history and culture, make a stop at the National Museum of Kazakhstan. This massive museum showcases the country’s past, from ancient artifacts to modern art exhibitions. Don’t miss out on the Central State Museum, which houses over 40,000 exhibits, including traditional Kazakh costumes, weapons, and household items.
Tips for Visiting Astana
- The best time to visit Astana is from May to September when the weather is pleasant.
- Make sure to dress appropriately when visiting religious or historical sites.
- Take a free walking tour to explore the city’s main attractions and learn about its history and culture.
2. Explore the Stunning Landscapes of Almaty
Almaty, Kazakhstan’s former capital, is known for its beautiful landscapes and proximity to the Tien Shan Mountains. This mountainous city is a popular destination for winter sports enthusiasts and nature lovers. You can spend your days exploring the city’s parks, hiking in the mountains, or skiing on world-class slopes.
Outdoor Activities in Almaty
One of the top things to do in Almaty is to take a cable car ride to the Kok-Tobe Hill, which offers panoramic views of the city. You can also hike up to the Big Almaty Lake, located at an altitude of 8,500 feet, and marvel at its turquoise waters surrounded by snow-capped peaks. For adrenaline junkies, there are plenty of options for skiing, snowboarding, and ice skating in the nearby ski resorts.
Cultural Experiences in Almaty
Apart from its natural beauty, Almaty is also home to a vibrant culture and a thriving arts scene. You can visit the Central State Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan to learn about the country’s history and see ancient artifacts. Don’t miss out on attending a traditional Kazakh concert or dance performance, where you can witness the country’s age-old customs and traditions.
Tips for Visiting Almaty
- The best time to visit Almaty is from June to August when the weather is pleasant.
- Be prepared for cold temperatures if you’re visiting during the winter months.
- Purchase a “green card” to access national parks and nature reserves in Almaty.
3. Step Back in Time at the Historical City of Turkestan
Located in southern Kazakhstan, Turkestan was once a major trading center on the Silk Road and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This ancient city is home to some of the country’s most significant historical and religious sites, making it a must-visit destination for history buffs.
Visit the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
The main attraction in Turkestan is the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, an important Sufi religious leader who lived in the 12th century. This magnificent structure is one of the largest and most impressive architectural marvels in Central Asia. Its intricate design and grandeur will leave you in awe of the skills and craftsmanship of the builders.
Explore the Old Town and the Fortress of Otrar
Take a stroll through the old town of Turkestan and witness the remnants of its past glory. You can also visit the nearby Fortress of Otrar, which dates back to the 8th century and was a strategic point along the Silk Road. It is now a popular tourist spot where you can see the remains of the fortress and learn about its rich history.
Tips for Visiting Turkestan
- The best time to visit Turkestan is from April to September when the weather is pleasant.
- Wear comfortable shoes as there is a lot of walking involved in exploring this historical city.
- Make sure to dress modestly when visiting religious sites.
4. Marvel at Charyn Canyon, Kazakhstan’s Grand Canyon
Charyn Canyon is a natural wonder located in southeastern Kazakhstan, often referred to as the “Grand Canyon of Central Asia.” This breathtaking canyon stretches over 90 kilometers and boasts dramatic rock formations, colorful cliffs, and a beautiful river that runs through it.
Take a Hike Through the Canyon
The best way to experience Charyn Canyon is by hiking through it. There are several designated trails that will take you deep into the canyon, offering stunning views and photo opportunities along the way. You can also choose to camp overnight at one of the designated campsites and witness the stars lighting up the sky at night.
Visit the Valley of Castles
One of the highlights of Charyn Canyon is the Valley of Castles, a section of the canyon where you can see unique rock formations resembling ancient castles. This area is perfect for exploring and taking stunning photos, and you can even climb up some of the formations for a better view.
Tips for Visiting Charyn Canyon
- The best time to visit Charyn Canyon is from May to September when the weather is pleasant.
- Wear comfortable shoes for hiking and bring plenty of water.
- Hire a guide if you’re not familiar with the trails and want to learn more about the canyon’s history and geography.
5. Visit the World’s First and Largest Cosmodrome in Baikonur
Baikonur Cosmodrome is located in the desert of Kazakhstan and is the world’s first and largest space launch facility. It has been the site of numerous historic space missions, including the launch of the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, and the first human spaceflight, Vostok 1, by Yuri Gagarin.
Tour the Cosmodrome
Although it’s still an operational space center, visitors can take a guided tour of Baikonur Cosmodrome and see its various launch pads, control centers, and other facilities. You can also visit the Space Museum and learn about the history of the cosmodrome and its achievements.
Witness a Rocket Launch
If you’re lucky enough to time your visit with a rocket launch, you can witness this incredible event from a safe distance. Baikonur Cosmodrome is still a major site for space missions, and there are usually several launches throughout the year. Make sure to check the schedule and book your tour accordingly.
Tips for Visiting Baikonur Cosmodrome
- You need to obtain a special permit to visit Baikonur Cosmodrome.
- Photography is not allowed in certain areas of the cosmodrome, so make sure to check with your guide before taking photos.
- Book your tour well in advance as spots are limited, especially during rocket launches.
6. Experience Nomadic Culture in Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve
Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve is located in southern Kazakhstan and is the country’s oldest nature reserve. It covers over 130,000 acres of stunning landscapes and is home to diverse flora and fauna, including many endangered species such as snow leopards and Marco Polo sheep.
Explore the Reserve’s Trails and Gorges
The best way to experience the beauty of Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve is by hiking through its trails and gorges. There are several routes you can take, each offering different views and varying levels of difficulty. The Aktau Mountains, with their colorful rock formations, are a must-visit spot in the reserve.
Learn about Nomadic Life at the Local Yurt Camps
To get a taste of traditional Kazakh culture, spend a night or two at one of the yurt camps in the Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve. These traditional nomadic dwellings offer an immersive experience where you can learn about the nomadic lifestyle, try local cuisine, and even participate in traditional activities such as horseback riding and eagle hunting.
Tips for Visiting Aksu-Zhabagly Nature Reserve
- The best time to visit the reserve is from April to September when the weather is pleasant.
- The trails can be challenging, so make sure you have proper hiking gear and are in good physical condition.
- Respect the reserve’s rules and regulations, such as not disturbing the wildlife and not leaving any litter behind.
Conclusion: Discovering the Hidden Gems of Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan may not be on everyone’s travel bucket list, but it’s a country that has a lot to offer for those who are willing to explore. From modern cities to ancient ruins, vast steppes to towering mountains, there is something for every type of traveler in this diverse and underrated destination.
So, if you’re planning your next adventure, consider adding Kazakhstan to your itinerary and experience the unique blend of nature, culture, and history that this beautiful country has to offer. With its warm hospitality, delicious cuisine, and ever-evolving landscape, you’ll surely leave with unforgettable memories and a newfound appreciation for this hidden gem in Central Asia.